Public Sector Undertakings in India

Public Sector Undertakings in India

Public Sector Undertakings is a government owned corporation. The majority equity must be owned by the government to be a PSU. Federally owned PSUs are termed Central Public Sector Enterprises and are administered by the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises. Various PSUs have been awarded additional financial autonomy. The level of financial autonomy is currently divided into three categories - Maharatna, Navratna and Miniratna. Companies that receive these designations will be given greater autonomy. As of October 2024, there are 14 Maharatnas, 24 Navratnas and 65 Miniratnas (itself divided into Category 1 and Category 2).

Maharatna Companies

Companies that have achieved a turnover of more than Rs 20,000 crore for three consecutive years will be awarded the Maharatna status. Earlier, it was Rs 25,000 crore. In addition, the total value of the company should be more than Rs 10,000 crore. With this status, companies can expand their operations globally. Companies that receive Maharatna status can make investment decisions up to Rs 5,000 crore without the permission of the central government. Other companies can take independent decisions only for investments up to Rs 1000 crore. The Maharatna scheme was introduced in 2010.

Maharatna Companies of India

1. Coal India Limited (CIL)

2. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL)

3. National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)

4. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)

5. Steel Authority of India (SAIL)

6. Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited (BHEL)

7. Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL)

8. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL)

9. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL)

10. Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (POWERGRID)

11. Power Finance Corporation Limited (PFCL)

12. Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC)

13. Oil India Limited (OIL)

14. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) 

Navaratna Companies

Navaratna companies are companies below Maharatna companies. Companies are elevated to Navratna status based on several factors including cost of production, turnover, profit, and utilization of surplus. Public sector companies that score 60 or above out of 100 marks based on six parameters which include net profit to net worth, total manpower cost to total cost of production or cost of services, Gross margin as capital employed, Gross profit at turnover, Earnings per share and inter sectoral comparison will be awarded Navratna status. Only companies with minimum status and at least four independent directors on the board of directors will be considered for Navratna status. Navratna companies can make independent investments of up to Rs 1,000 crore. The Navratna scheme was introduced in 1997.

Navaratna Companies of India

■ National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC)

■ Housing And Urban Development Corporation Limited (HUDCO)

■ Mazagon Dockyard Limited

■ Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL)

■ Container Corporation of India Limited (CONCOR)

■ Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited (RCF)

■ Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL)

■ NBCC (India) Limited

■ National Fertilizers Limited (NFL)

■ Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)

■ Engineers India Limited

■ National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO)

■ RailTel Corporation of India Limited (RCIL)

■ Shipping Corporation of India Limited (SCI)

■ Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited

■ Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI)

■ Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC)

■ Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited

■ Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA)

■ Ircon International

■ NHPC Limited

■ SJVN Limited

■ ONGC Videsh Limited

■ RITES Limited

Miniratna Companies

In addition to the Maharatna and Navaratna titles, some companies have also been granted the status of Miniratna. Subject to certain conditions, Miniratna companies can enter into joint ventures and set up sister companies. They are also allowed to set up offices abroad. Miniratna companies are divided into two categories.

Miniratna Category-I

Companies that have made a profit for three consecutive years or have made a profit of more than Rs 30 crore in a year for three years are considered Category I Miniratna companies. Companies that get this status can implement development projects of up to Rs 500 crore without government approval. 

■ Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL)

■ Western Coalfields (WCL)

■ Bridge and Roof Company (India)

■ HSCC India Limited

■ Northern Coalfields (NCL)

■ Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited (MECL)

■ Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India

■ National Seed Corporation (NSC)

■ Cochin Shipyard (CSL)

■ Indian Rare Earths (IRE)

■ Antrix Corporation (ANTRIX)

■ Braithwaite & Co.

■ Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited

■ Projects and Development India Limited (PDIL)

■ South Eastern Coalfields (SECL)

■ Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL)

■ Mishra Dhatu Nigam

■ Telecommunications Consultants India (TCIL)

■ North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited ( NEEPCL)

■ MSTC Limited

■ Goa Shipyard (GSL)

■ Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC)

■ Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC)

■ Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)

■ Indian Railway Finance Corporation (IRFC)

■ Central Coalfields Limited (CCL)

■ Cotton Corporation of India Limited (CCIL)

■ MOIL Limited (MOIL)

■ Airports Authority of India (AAI)

■ Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers (RCF)

■ MMTC Ltd. (MMTC)

■ HLL Lifecare

■ Central Electronics Limited (CEL)

■ Kudremukh Iron Ore Company (KIOCL)

■ WAPCOS Limited

■ Hindustan Steelworks Construction Ltd.

■ ONGC Videsh Limited

■ Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)

■ Hindustan Newsprint

■ Mahanadi Coalfields (MCL)

■ Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited

■ Numaligarh Refinery

■ National Fertilizers (NFL)

■ Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE)

■ Chennai Petroleum Corporation (CPCL)

■ Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited

■ EdCIL (India) Limited (EdCIL)

■ Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML)

■ Hindustan Copper (HCL)

■ National Projects Construction Corporation

■ National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC)

■ Balmer Lawrie

■ India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO)

■ THDC India Limited

Miniratna Category-II

Companies that have made a profit and shown growth for three consecutive years are included in Category II. Companies that get this status can implement development projects of up to Rs 300 crore without government approval. Currently, 11 undertakings have this status. This list is subject to change from time to time, depending on changes in the financial condition of the companies.

■ Indian Medicines Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited

■ FCI Aravali Gypsum and Minerals (India) Limited

■ Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited

■ Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India

■ HMT International Limited

■ National Film Development Corporation of India (NFDC)

■ Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Limited

■ Rajasthan Electronics and Instruments Limited

■ MECON

■ Engineering Projects (India) Limited

■ Bharat Pumps & Compressors

List of Other Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs)

■ STCI Finance Limited

■ Chenab Valley Power Projects

■ Hindustan Organic Chemicals Limited (HOCL)

■ Green Valley Renewable Energy Limited

■ Indian Immunologicals Limited

■ Dredging Corporation of India

■ India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited (IIFCL)

■ Indradhanush Gas Grid Limited (IGGL)

■ Amul (Anand Milk Union Limited)

■ City and Industrial Development Corporation

■ Delhi Transco Limited

■ Cement Corporation of India

■ Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC)

■ Indian Medicine Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd.

■ Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC)

■ Meja Urja Nigam Private Limited (MUNPL)

■ AFC India Limited

■ Hemisphere Properties India Limited

■ UV Asset Reconstruction Company Limited

■ Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited

■ Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL)

■ Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited

■ Protean eGov Technologies Ltd (Formerly NSDL e-Governance Infrastructure Limited)

■ Narmada Hydroelectric Development Corporation

■ National Projects Construction Corporation Ltd (NPCC)

■ Tusco Limited.

■ Central Inland Water Transport Corporation Limited (CIWTC)

■ UTI Infrastructure Technology and Services Limited (UTIITSL)

■ Khanij Bidesh India Ltd.

■ Munitions India Limited

■ Bharat Refractories Limited, Bokaro

■ Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India

■ Fresh & Healthy Enterprises Limited

■ India Government Mint

■ Krishnapatnam Railway Company Limited

■ Ratle Hydroelectric Power Corporation (RHPC)

■ National Dairy Development Board

■ India Debt Resolution Company Limited (IDRCL)

■ Bharat Immunologicals and Biologicals Corporation

■ Hindustan Salts Limited

■ Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation

■ Infrastructure Development Finance Company (IDFC Limited)

■ Tourism Finance Corporation Of India Ltd.

■ Green Gas Limited

■ Food Corporation of India (FCI)

■ Ropeways and Rapid Transport System Development Corporation

■ Sponge Iron India Ltd (SIIL)

■ Talcher Fertilizers Limited.

■ Irrigation and Water Resources Finance Corporation Limited

■ Industrial Finance Corporation of India Limited

■ Triveni Structurals Limited

■ Mudra Bank

■ Yantra India Limited

■ Bharat Broadband Network (BBNL)

■ National Informatics Centre Services Inc. (NIC)

■ Smith Stanisteet Pharmaceuticals Limited

■ Receivables Exchange of India Ltd (RXIL)

■ Gliders India Limited

■ CSC e-Governance Services India Limited

■ Certification Engineers International Limited

■ Pipavav Railway Corporation Ltd. (PRCL)

■ Hindustan Teleprinters Limited (HTL)

■ NSPCL (NTPC- SAIL Power Company Limited)

■ Hindustan Urvarak & Rasayan Limited(HURL)

■ Rajasthan Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Limited(RDPL)

■ Digital India Corporation

■ Inland & Coastal Shipping Ltd.

■ Petronet LNG

■ Indian Highway Management Company Limited (IHMCL)

■ Prize Petroleum Company Limited

■ Bharat Wagon and Engineering

■ Indo-Russia Rifles (IRRPL)

■ Madras Fertilizers

■ Ratnagiri Gas and Power

■ Punjab Logistics Infrastructure Limited

■ NIIF Infrastructure Finance Limited

■ Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran

■ Bhor Sagar Port Limited

■ Bharat Coal Gasification and Chemicals Ltd (BCGCL)

■ NEPA Mills Ltd.

■ Orissa Drugs & Chemicals Ltd (ODCL)

■ BHAVINI

■ Indian Financial Technology and Allied Services

■ Semiconductor Complex Limited

■ Life Spring Hospitals (P) Ltd.

■ Praga Tools

■ Bird Group of Companies

■ Railway Energy Management Company Limited (REMCL)

■ Indraprastha Gas Limited

■ Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India

■ Hindustan Insecticides Limited

■ Karnataka Vijayanagar Steel Limited, NMDC Steel

■ Agrinnovate India Ltd.

■ National Capital Region Transport Corporation

■ Konkan LNG

■ BHEL Electrical Machines Ltd. (EML)

■ Instrumentation Limited

■ Indian Potash Limited

■ Troop Comforts Limited

■ Hindustan Prefab Limited

■ Fertilizer Corporation of India

■ Bengal Immunity Limited

■ Hindustan Vegetable Oils Corporation

■ Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services

■ Konkan Railway Corporation

■ PTC India (formerly Power Trading Corporation India Limited)

■ Indian Dairy Machinery Company Ltd. (IDMC)

■ India Optel Limited

■ Bharat Gold Mines Limited

■ State Farms Corporation of India

■ Convergence Energy Services Limited

■ Hindustan Fertilizers Corporation Limited (HFCL)

■ Indian Vaccine Corporation Limited

■ IHB Limited (a joint venture of IOCL, HPCL & BPCL)

■ National Land Monetisation Corporation (NLMC)

■ Hindustan Antibiotics Limited

■ National Textile Corporation

■ Indian Port Rail Corporation Limited(IPRCL)

■ Ramagundam Fertilizers and Chemicals Limited

■ India SME Asset Reconstruction Company Limited

■ Brahmaputra Valley Fertilizer Corporation Ltd (BVFCL)

■ National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)

■ Jute Corporation of India

■ NewSpace India Limited

■ National Research Development Corporation

■ NSEIT

■ Metal & Steel Factory

■ BEML Midwest ltd.

■ Brahmaputra Cracker and Polymer Limited

■ Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited

■ Khadi Natural

■ HSCC (India) Limited

■ Kolkata Metro Rail Corporation

■ National Highways Logistics Management Company

■ National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation Limited

■ Aravali Power Company Private Limited (APCPL) Jharli, Jhajjar

■ Jal Power Corporation Ltd.

■ Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India

■ Bundelkhand Saur Urja Limited

■ Sethusamudram Corporation Limited

■ Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited

■ Utkarsha Aluminium Dhatu Nigam Limited

■ Sagarmala Development Company

■ SIDCUL CONCOR Infra Company Limited

■ Delhi Transport Corporation

■ Inland Waterways Authority of India

■ Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited

■ Open Network for Digital Commerce

■ National High Power Test Laboratory(NHTPL)

■ Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL)

■ Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd

■ Mahanagar Gas

■ The Industrial Credit Company Limited

■ National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL)

■ India Ports Global Limited

■ Grid Conductors Ltd

■ Urban Mass Transit Company

■ Government e Marketplace

■ Millennium Telecom Ltd.

■ BrahMos Aerospace

■ Power System Operation Corporation

■ Hindustan Shipyard Limited(HSL)

■ Biotech Consortium India Limited

■ Anushakti Vidhyut Nigam Limited

■ Hotel Corporation of India Limited (HCIL)

■ Intelligent Communication Systems India Limited (ICSIL)

■ Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC)

List of Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs) privatized

■ Air India

■ Lagan Engineering

■ Axis Bank

■ ICICI Bank

■ Jessop & Company

■ Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited

■ Paradeep Phosphates Limited(PPL)

■ CMC Limited

■ HTL Limited

■ Modern Food Industries

■ Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited

■ Maruti Udyog Limited

■ IDFC

■ Hindustan Zinc Limited

■ Protean eGov Technologies

■ Neelachal Ispat Nigam Limited