Chemical Industry in India
The word chemical is a material which made up of some certain composition of chemical elements. Based on their molecular structure they are recognised as organic, inorganic or metallic elements. Components of chemical structures are certainly occurred in raw forms. These naturally occurring composites/elements through succeeding processes is changed to functioning elements by the use of chain of chemical process. Chemicals are a valuable part of social life, right from the diet we eat to the clothes we dress to the cars we travel all consist of chemical constituents. Chemical industry pays considerably to refining the value of life through advance innovations allowing clean drinking water, quicker medical cure, stronger families and greener fuels. The chemical industry is serious for the economic growth of the country.
India is the sixth leading manufacturer of chemicals in the world and third major industrialist in Asia, as of 2022. The country ranks third in the world based on the making of agro chemicals and pays around 16% to the universal dyestuff and dye intermediates manufacture. Basic chemicals and their related products (petrochemicals, manures, dyes, lacquers, glass, fragrances, toiletries, medicines, etc.) constitute an important part of the Indian economy. Certain important tests for the future are certifying development of viable, green solutions in the area of water treatment; food manufacture and healthcare. They are powered by a growing focus of business on taming its image; these movements are shaping the significances for R&D in the area of chemistry.
SIGNIFICANCE OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Chemical industry is one among the quickest rising industries, which adds about 13% of the Indian GDP. It is rising yearly at a rate of 10% to 12%. Chemical Industry is a multi-product industry based on the impression of modification. It can be divided into following sectors.
• Inorganic chemicals: The progress rate in this sector is about 9% and the chemicals made in this kind are used in cleaners, manures, alkalis and crystal.
• Drugs and Medicines: This sector holds 4th place in the terms of size in the world. Growth in this sector is mainly due to exports.
• Plastics and Petrochemicals: This is the quickest growing segment in the Indian chemical manufacturing.
Based on their configuration and end use properties, chemicals are divided into seven broad segments.
1. Pharmaceuticals and bulk chemicals - Indian medicinal industry ranks about 4th and 13th correspondingly in terms of capacity and worth. The industry can be distributed into bulk drugs segment and preparations. They produce around 60,000 broad medicines and around 400 bulk drugs that are used in preparations. Majority chemicals include simple organic chemicals (methanol, acetic acid etc.) and simple inorganic chemicals (caustic soda, soda ash and Liquid chlorine are also categorized as alkali chemicals).
2. Specialty chemicals - Specialty chemicals contains fine chemicals and performance chemicals. The production chiefly caters to the medical industry. Specialty chemicals, also known as performance chemicals, are low-volume but high value compounds. These chemicals are resulting from straight forward chemicals and are sold on the source of their function. Paint, cements, electronic chemicals, oilfield chemicals are some examples of specialty chemicals.
3. Agro chemicals - One of the best dynamic insecticide producers in the world, India is the second major producer of agrochemicals in Asia. Among 145 pesticides registered in the country, 85 of a practical grade are locally manufactured. The country has recognized itself as a worldwide sourcing base for common agrochemicals. Chemicals basically intended for caring agriculture crops against insecticides and pesticides are enclosed under this sub-group.
4. Petrochemicals and organic chemicals - The petrochemical segment that mainly contains polymers, artificial fibres, fibre intermediates and plastic treating. Petrochemicals are chemical products resulting from petroleum. The two most common petrochemical modules are olefins (containing ethylene and propylene) and aromatics (containing benzene, toluene and xylene isomers).
5. Fertilizers - Fertilizer is an organic or inorganic material which deliveries chemical fundamentals required for plant growth. Fertilizer segment produces raw materials for agriculture which is a chief occupation of the country.
6. Dyes - The Indian dye industry is extremely disorganized with 50 players in systematized sector and 900 in disorganized sector. The trade has undertaken fabulous changes over the years, beginning as a middle industrial industry to a complete industry with huge export potential.
7. Inorganic Chemicals - Categorized by high grade of disintegration even across high volume product areas, Indian inorganic chemicals industry comprises for less than 4.5 % of worldwide market. The sector contains of production of chemicals, such as sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, titanium dioxide, carbon black and chloralkali industry, which forms a major part of inorganic sector.
The Indian Chemical Industry contains both minor and large-scale units, and currently, there are around 70,000 chemical industrial units situated in the country. The major constituent (in numbers) is enclosed in the small scale sector. Some of the chemical corporations in the Indian markets were
• Tata Chemicals
• United Phosphorous Limited
• BASF
• India Glycols
• Pidilite Industries
• Vikas WSP
• Phillips Carbon Black Limited
• Gujarat Heavy Chemicals
• Aarti Industries
• Gujarat Alkalies & Chemicals Limited
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