Revolutionary Movement in India

Anushilan Samiti

Anushilan Samiti was one of the revolutionary organizations that worked secretly during the Indian independence movement. The main leaders of Anushilan Samiti, who led the revolutions in Bengal in 1902, were Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Jatin dranath Banerjee, and Pramathanath Mitra. Anushilan Samiti had two components - Yugantar Anushilan Samiti and Dhaka Anushilan Samiti. Pulin Bihari Das was the main leader of Dhaka Anushilan Samiti. Yugantar Anushilan Samiti, founded by Hem Chandradas, also had a newspaper called Yugantar. Bhupendranath Dutta was the founder of the newspaper. This organization adopted armed revolution against the British occupation. Arvind Ghosh, Chittaranjan Das, Surendranath Tagore, Jatindranath Banerjee, Bhupendranath Dutta, etc. were the main freedom fighters associated with Anushilan Samiti.

Indian Home Rule Society

The Indian Home Rule Society was founded in London in 1905 by Shyamji Krishna Varma. Many Indians who had worked with Shyamji Krishna Varma in Britain were members of the society. Madam Bikaji Cama, Dadabhai Naoroji, S.R. Rana were prominent among them. The main objective of the society was self-government. According to the constitution of the society, it was to "secure self-government for India and to carry out a genuine Indian campaign in Britain by all practicable means". The society also intended to challenge the loyalists of the British Committee of the Indian National Congress.

Paris Indian Society

The Paris Indian Society was a revolutionary movement founded in Paris in 1905 by Madame Bikaji Cama, B.H. Godrej and S.R. Rana. Madame Bikaji Cama is known as the 'Mother of the Indian Revolution' because she worked at the forefront of women's revolutionary movements. The Paris Indian Society was founded as a branch of the Indian Home Rule Society. The Paris Indian Society published a newspaper, Bande Mataram, from Paris. The newspaper was published under the name Bande Mataram in response to the British ban on Bankim Chatterjee's national poem, Vande Mataram.

Indian Independence Committee

The Berlin Committee was an organization founded by Indian students and political activists in Germany in 1914 during the First World War, led by Virendra Chadhopadhyay, Bhupendranath Dutta, and Lala Hardayal. The Berlin Committee was renamed the Indian Independence Committee in 1915. The main objective of the committee was to propagate the goals of India's independence and freedom struggle. Other leaders of the Indian Independence Committee included Virendranath Chatterjee, Abinash Bhattacharya, Chembakaraman Pillai, and C. Padmanabhan Pillai.

Hindustan Republican Association

In October 1924, leaders of various revolutionary organizations, including Sachindranath Sanyal, Narendra Mohan Sen, and Pratul Ganguly, met in Kanpur and formed the Hindustan Republican Association. The main objective of this organization was to bring a centralized democratic system in India through organized armed revolution. The activists robbed a train at 'Kakori' station to raise money for organizational activities. This became famous as the 'Kakori train robbery case'. Chandrashekhar Azad was a part of this organization.

Naujawan Bharat Sabha

The Naujawan Bharat Sabha was a left-wing revolutionary organization founded in March 1926 under the leadership of Bhagat Singh. The main objective of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha was to organize workers and peasant youth and help them in the revolution against the British rule. The Naujawan Bharat Sabha worked as part of the Hindustan Republican Association. The organization was banned in 1929. In September 1934, the organization was declared illegal under the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1908.

UPSC/PSC Questions

1. The first revolutionary organization in Bengal - Anushilan Samiti

2. Anushilan Samiti was founded by - Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Pramathanath Mitra (a judge from Calcutta)

3. Pamphlet published by Anushilan Samiti - Bhavani Mandir

4. Periodical publication of Anushilan Samiti - Yugantar (1906)

5. Branch of Anushilan Samiti started in Dhaka - Pulin Bihari Das

6. Strongholds of Anushilan Samiti - Calcutta, Dhaka

7. Another name of Indian Home Rule Society - Indian House

8. Founder of Indian Home Rule Society - Shyamji Krishna Varma

9. Year of Indian Home Rule Society's establishment - 1905

10. Indian Home Rule Society's establishment - London

11. Main objective of Indian Home Rule Society - Self-Government

12. The Indian Home Rule Society in Britain was supported by - Madam Bikaji Cama, Dadabhai Naoroji, S.R. Rana

13. Paris Indian Society came into existence - 1905

14. Paris Indian Society published a newspaper from Paris - Bande Mataram (1909)

15. Founders of Paris Indian Society - Madam Bikaji Cama, B.H. Godrej, S.R. Rana

16. The first person to hoist a flag for India on foreign soil - Madam Bikaji Cama (Stuttgart)

17. Madam Bikaji Cama participated in the International Socialist Conference - 1907 (Stuttgart)

18. The flag hoisted by Madam Bikaji Cama is currently kept in - Maratha Kesari Library (Pune)

19. Berlin Committee came into existence in Germany - 1914

20. The Berlin Committee was renamed in 1915 as - Indian Independence Committee

21. The objective of the Indian Independence Committee - To convince the people of the need for India's independence and freedom struggle

22. The leaders of the Berlin Committee - Virendra Chadhopadhyay, Bhupendranath Dutta, Lala Hardayal

23. The Hindustan Republican Association was founded by - Sachindranath Sanyal

24. The Hindustan Republican Association came into existence - 1924

25. The Hindustan Republican Association was founded in - Kanpur

26. The manifesto of the Hindustan Republican Association is known as - The Revolutionary

27. The first crime of the Hindustan Republican Association - Kakori train robbery

28. The objective of the Hindustan Republican Association - To overthrow the British rule through armed revolution

29. The Naujawan Bharat Sabha was founded in Year - 1926

30. The revolutionary behind the organization Naujawan Bharat Sabha - Bhagat Singh

31. The main objective of Naujawan Bharat Sabha - To unite workers, farmers and youth against the British