Growth of Revolutionary Movement

Revolutionary movements were aggressive movements that grew parallel to the national movements. There were many brave revolutionaries who fought and sacrificed their lives to drive out the British through armed struggle. Let us get to know some of the important revolutionary movements among them. The British dealt with the Swadeshi movement brutally, and there were nationwide protests against the British's actions, which included beating and imprisoning leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Surendranath Banerjee. The revolutionaries decided to violently oust the rule that was violating the law and destroying civil rights. They were inspired by revolutionary ideas from abroad. Newspapers like Aurobindo Ghosh's Vande Mataram also supported these movements. In 1897, Damodar Hari Chapekar and Balkrishna Hari Chapekar, known as the Chapekar brothers, entered the revolutionary movement by killing the british officials Rand and Amherst in Pune. Let's get to know other important revolutionary movements.

Anushilan Samiti

Anushilan Samiti was one of the revolutionary organizations that worked secretly during the Indian independence movement. The main leaders of Anushilan Samiti, who led the revolutions in Bengal in 1902, were Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Jatindranath Banerjee, and Pramathanath Mitra. Anushilan Samiti had two components - Yugantar Anushilan Samiti and Dhaka Anushilan Samiti. Pulin Bihari Das was the main leader of Dhaka Anushilan Samiti. Yugantar Anushilan Samiti, founded by Hem Chandradas, also had a newspaper called Yugantar. Bhupendranath Dutta was the founder of the newspaper. This organization adopted armed revolution against the British occupation. Arvind Ghosh, Chittaranjan Das, Surendranath Tagore, Jatindranath Banerjee, Bhupendranath Dutta, etc. were the main freedom fighters associated with Anushilan Samiti.

Indian Home Rule Society

The Indian Home Rule Society was founded in London in 1905 by Shyamji Krishna Varma. Many Indians who had worked with Shyamji Krishna Varma in Britain were members of the society. Madam Bikaji Cama, Dadabhai Naoroji, S.R. Rana were prominent among them. The main objective of the society was self-government. According to the constitution of the society, it was to "secure self-government for India and to carry out a genuine Indian campaign in Britain by all practicable means". The society also intended to challenge the loyalists of the British Committee of the Indian National Congress.

Paris Indian Society

The Paris Indian Society was a revolutionary movement founded in Paris in 1905 by Madam Bhikaji Cama, M.B. Godrej and S.R. Rana. Madam Bhikaji Cama is known as the 'Mother of the Indian Revolution' because she worked at the forefront of women's revolutionary movements. The Paris Indian Society was founded as a branch of the Indian Home Rule Society. The Paris Indian Society published a newspaper, Bande Mataram, from Paris. The newspaper was published under the name Bande Mataram in response to the British ban on Bankim Chatterjee's national poem, Vande Mataram.

Indian Independence Committee

The Berlin Committee was an organization founded by Indian students and political activists in Germany in 1914 during the First World War, led by Virendra Chadhopadhyay, Bhupendranath Dutta, and Lala Hardayal. The Berlin Committee was renamed the Indian Independence Committee in 1915. The main objective of the committee was to propagate the goals of India's independence and freedom struggle. Other leaders of the Indian Independence Committee included Virendranath Chatterjee, Abinash Bhattacharya, Chembakaraman Pillai, and C. Padmanabhan Pillai.

Hindustan Republican Association

In October 1924, leaders of various revolutionary organizations, including Sachindranath Sanyal, Narendra Mohan Sen, and Pratul Ganguly, met in Kanpur and formed the Hindustan Republican Association. The main objective of this organization was to bring a centralized democratic system in India through organized armed revolution. The activists robbed a train at 'Kakori' station to raise money for organizational activities. This became famous as the 'Kakori train robbery case'. Chandrashekhar Azad was a part of this organization.

Naujawan Bharat Sabha

The Naujawan Bharat Sabha was a left-wing revolutionary organization founded in March 1926 under the leadership of Bhagat Singh. The main objective of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha was to organize workers and peasant youth and help them in the revolution against the British rule. The Naujawan Bharat Sabha worked as part of the Hindustan Republican Association. The organization was banned in 1929. In September 1934, the organization was declared illegal under the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1908.

Mitra Melan

This was an organization started in Maharashtra in 1899 by Veer damodar Savarkar, his brother Ganesh Savarkar and some friends. They assassinated Jackson, the District Magistrate of Nashik.

Yugantar Party 

This organization, founded by Hem Chandradas, also had a newspaper named 'Yugantar'. Bhupendranath Datta was the founder of the newspaper. The members of this organization were accused in the Alipore Conspiracy Case.

Bharat Mata Association 

Chidambaram Pillai's main supporters were Vanchinathan Iyer, Subramania Siva and Neelakanta Brahmachari. The Bharat Mata Association was a revolutionary movement started by Neelakanta Brahmachari and Vanchinathan Iyer. Vanchinathan Iyer shot and killed Tirunelveli British Collector in a train, who had sentenced the righteous Chidambaram Pillai. He committed suicide with the same gun without being caught by the police.

Bharat Mata Society 

The leaders of this organization, which was established in Punjab, were J.M. Chatterjee, Lala Hardyal, Ajit Singh and Suni Amba Prasad.

Suhrid Samiti 

This was a revolutionary party that worked in the area of ​​Mymensingh in Bengal.

Other important organizations

Swadesh Bandhav Samiti of Barisali, Bradi Samiti of Faridpur, Indian Independence League, Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha formed on the initiative of Bhagat Singh, and many other organizations led revolutionary activities from within and outside India during this period. Along with innumerable revolutionaries like Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki, some of the individuals who should be remembered are Shyamji Krishna Varma, Madanlal Dhingra, S. R. Rane, V.V.S. Iyer, Tarakanath and others. Most of these revolutionary movements grew in Bengal and Maharashtra. Many people, known and unknown, have given their lives for these movements.