Features taken from other Countries in Indian Constitution

India has adopted for the federal form of government due its large size and socio cultural diversities, but the word federal does not find mention in the constitution. Instead, article 1, declares 'India', that is Bharat, shall be a union of states. Adoption of Indian Constitution from other Countries are as follows.

Government of India Act 1935

1. Federal System

2. Office of the Governor

3. Power of federal judiciary

4. Emergency power

5. Public Service Commissions

6. Administrative details

The Britain

1. Law making procedure

2. Rule of Law

3. Provisions of Single Citizenship

4. Parliamentary Government

5. Bicameralism

6. Prerogative writs

7. Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)

8. Legal equality

9. Electoral system

10. Dual Constituency System

11. More powers for the lower house

12. Institution of Speaker and his role

13. Special authority for parliament members

14. Parliamentary Committees

15. Cabinet System

16. Role of Prime Minister

17. Writs

18. Procedure established by Law

19. Collective responsibility

20. A head of state with nominal power

USA

1. Independent Judiciary and separation of powers among the three branches of the government

2. Judicial Review

3. Fundamental Rights

4. Removal of Supreme & High Court Judges (Impeachment)

5. Preamble

6. Vice President and his Functions

7. Written Constitution

8. Equal Protection of law

9. Federal structure of government

10. Electoral College

11. President as Supreme Commander of Armed Forces

12. Removal of President(Impeachment)

13. The Supreme Court has the power to interpret the Constitution.

14. The Indian head of state is named the President, following the American model.

15. The subordinate units of the Indian Union are named 'States', following the American model.

16. The Rajya Sabha of India is formed following the American Senate.

Canada

1. A Quasi Federal form of Government — Federation with a strong centre

2. Residuary powers with the central government

3. Appointment of State Governors by Center

4. Advisory/Review Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

5. Distribution of powers between the central government and state governments

6. The idea of 'Union of States'

7. Union lists and State lists

Ireland

1. Directive Principles of State Policy

2. Method of Presidential Election

3. Nomination of members of Rajya Sabha by the President

Germany

1. Emergency powers to be enjoyed by the Union

2. Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency

Australia

1. Concurrent list

2. Freedom of trade and commerce within the country and between the states

3. Joint session of Parliament

4. Power of the national legislature to make laws for implementing treaties, even on matters outside normal Federal jurisdiction

South Africa

1. Amendment Procedure

2. Election of Rajya Sabha members

France

1. Republic

2. Liberty, Equality and Fraternity in the Preamble

Russia

1. Fundamental Duties

2. Social, Economic, and Political Justice in the Preamble

3. Planning and Five Year Plans

Japan

1. Procedures established by Law